Research & Science Calf Muscles health has been well researched and documented by several established sources Source Summary Link Florida State University / Daily Mail Researchers found that regular easy calf stretches increase blood flow and strength in older people’s legs, improving mobility and reducing fall risk by aiding circulation in the lower limbs. Link Shaftesbury Chiropractic Calf muscles assist the heart by pumping blood back from lower legs to the heart, earning the nickname “second heart.” Strengthening them improves venous return and supports heart health. Exercises like heel raises and lunges are recommended. Link Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) Calf muscle exercises such as straight-leg and bent-knee calf raises help prevent injury in runners by strengthening muscles that support the Achilles tendon and overall leg biomechanics. Link Times of India The calf muscles play a critical role in blood circulation by pumping blood from lower legs to the heart. Healthy calves reduce risk of venous insufficiency and support vitality and longevity. Link IMOC Fitness Mayo Clinic research showed that impaired calf muscle pump function is linked to higher mortality rates, stressing the importance of calf muscle health for circulation and longevity. Link Center for Advanced Vein Care The calf muscle acts as a “secondary heart” pumping blood against gravity from legs to heart, preventing toxin buildup. Frequent movement and calf contractions improve circulation and reduce swelling. Link Steinmann Prosthetics & Orthotics Calf muscle pump function can be improved with exercises such as walking, calf raises, lunges, and foot pumps. Impairments reduce venous return and contribute to circulatory issues. Link
